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Doriopsilla albopunctata releasing defensive acid compounds from mantle glands

Doriopsilla albopunctata with Amphissa versicolor snail eggs on algae

Doriopsilla albopunctata was found to possess chemical markers - sesquiterpenes of the drimane class. These include ent-pallescensin-A or pallescensin-A, which are typical sponge metabolites. De novo biosynthesis of these metabolites may also occur. It is postulated that these compounds may be involved in the nudi's defense mechanism, and that the nudi obtained these compounds from eating sponges.

Our chemistry professor friend, Jim Lyle, commented that sulfuric acid is being given off.

M. Gavagnin et. al., Chemoecology 11:131 - 136 (2001)


Golf Ball Reef, Palos Verdes, California

20180529